Variables of Indoor Air Quality in Manufacturing

Indoor air quality in manufacturing facilities is a critical factor for both worker health and product quality. Add interior construction work to the mix and you can set the stage for air quality related exposures and risk that can significantly affect an entire facility. Developing and implementing an indoor air quality plan for construction related work is an essential element for these types of projects.

Every project is unique in the size, scope, hazards, and variables involved with the work. Pre-planning, coordination, proper communication, and the ability to anticipate these potential hazards are critical in maintaining good indoor air quality standards. Further, construction work inside a manufacturing facility often involves multiple variables wherein the combination of these potential hazards and the scope of work further contribute to the indoor air quality hazards. Proper communication and coordination by the design-builder is critical.

Common Variables of Indoor Air Quality

Occupied Areas

Construction work in an occupied or partially occupied area by facility personnel will have an impact on the work and the ability to maintain the air quality.  Modifications such as opening, closing or the demolition to HVAC systems and vents can affect the occupants not only in the work areas but also in other parts of the facility. An administrative controls plan to adjust or limit the number of personnel in occupied areas may be required to protect occupants.  

Progression and Scope of Work

As the phases and scope of work progress, it is important to identify potential hazards within the areas and the factors that can contribute to air quality issues. New work areas can present new hazards due to the layout size and configurations of the space and the work to be performed especially when demolition work is required for specific areas. Hazardous Building Material (HBM) Surveys are an essential part of the process that needs to be covered before work begins and include all work areas.  

Containment Systems

Developing and erecting an efficient containment system that helps reduce exposures to occupants, processes and equipment systems is an important part of any construction project within a manufacturing facility. These engineering systems can include temporary wall systems or heavy dusty plastic with framing and dividers. However, it is important to note that barricading systems with plastic or temporary walls (zip walls) or dividers can assist with fugitive dust but does little for odors or fumes that can affect workers.  

Chemical Use and VOCs

Chemicals used inside a building can have a significant impact on air quality. Multiple chemicals or coatings used in the same area or building can exasperate the problem. Ensure there are Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all chemicals being used onsite and that that they are reviewed prior to the use of the chemicals. It is important to verify the Volatile organic compounds (VOC) levels via section-9 from the SDSs or supplement portable ventilation or filter media if necessary. Whenever possible: 

• Reduce Chemical Use: Minimize the use of chemicals that release harmful fumes. 

• Choose Non-Toxic Materials: Choose materials that are less harmful to air quality. 

• Implement Green Cleaning Practices: Use environmentally friendly cleaning products. 

Gases and Internal Combustion Engines

Toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and welding gases can be hazardous to health. Equipment and machinery with internal combustion engines can directly affect the air quality inside a building in a short period of time as well. Use electric powered equipment, machinery and tools whenever possible. If internal combustion equipment/machinery must be used inside a building, limit the use as much as possible and ensure proper ventilation with open doors, vents, etc.  

Particulate Matter and Respirable Silica Dust

Particulate matter and work involving cutting, grinding, sanding, sawing and the demolition of silica-based materials will contribute to the indoor air quality hazards inside a building with limited ventilation and air flow. Vacuum systems or wet work methods are essential to prevent these exposures.  

Welding and other Hot Work

Welding and other types of hot work can be an ignition source and can significantly contribute to air quality issues inside a facility including the internal combustion type generators for welding systems. Fumes and gases from specific types of welding can be toxic especially in confined areas and spaces. Usually, welding and hot work is done by only a few contractors. Permitting processes that regulate this work and implementing specific controls are critical in helping to reduce the potential air quality exposures and protecting everyone onsite.   

By prioritizing and setting a plan for indoor air quality in your manufacturing facility early in the design-build process, you can create a safer and healthier work environment for your employees and protect the quality of your products. At McCownGordon, Safety Never Stops. Our safety culture and track record stems from intentional early planning and the drive to exceed client expectations while keeping everyone onsite safe. 

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